Long-term α1B-adrenergic receptor activation shortens lifespan, while α1A-adrenergic receptor stimulation prolongs lifespan in association with decreased cancer incidence.

The α1-adrenergic receptor (α1AR) subtypes, α1AAR and α1BAR, have differential effects in the heart and central nervous system. Long-term stimulation of the α1AAR subtype prolongs lifespan and provides cardio- and neuro-protective effects. We examined the lifespan of constitutively active mutant (CAM)-α1BAR mice and the incidence of cancer in mice expressing the CAM form of either the α1AAR (CAM-α1AAR mice) or α1BAR. CAM-α1BAR mice have a significantly shortened lifespan when compared with wild-type (WT) animals; however, the effect was sex dependent. Female CAM-α1BAR mice lived significantly shorter lives, while the median lifespan of male CAM-α1BAR mice was not different when compared with that of WT animals. There was no difference in the incidence of cancer in either sex of CAM-α1BAR mice. The incidence of cancer was significantly decreased in CAM-α1AAR mice when compared with that in WT, and no sex-dependent effects were observed. Further study is warranted on cancer incidence after activation of each α1AR subtype and the effect of sex on lifespan following activation of the α1BAR. The implications of a decrease in cancer incidence following long-term α1AAR stimulation could lead to improved treatments for cancer.

Long-term α1A-adrenergic receptor stimulation improves synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, mood, and longevity.

The role of α(1)-adrenergic receptors (α(1)ARs) in cognition and mood is controversial, probably as a result of past use of nonselective agents. α(1A)AR activation was recently shown to increase neurogenesis, which is linked to cognition and mood. We studied the effects of long-term α(1A)AR stimulation using transgenic mice engineered to express a constitutively active mutant (CAM) form of the α(1A)AR. CAM-α(1A)AR mice showed enhancements in several behavioral models of learning and memory. In contrast, mice that have the α(1A)AR gene knocked out displayed poor cognitive function. Hippocampal brain slices from CAM-α(1A)AR mice demonstrated increased basal synaptic transmission, paired-pulse facilitation, and long-term potentiation compared with wild-type (WT) mice. WT mice treated with the α(1A)AR-selective agonist cirazoline also showed enhanced cognitive functions. In addition, CAM-α(1A)AR mice exhibited antidepressant and less anxious phenotypes in several behavioral tests compared with WT mice. Furthermore, the lifespan of CAM-α(1A)AR mice was 10% longer than that of WT mice. Our results suggest that long-term α(1A)AR stimulation improves synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, mood, and longevity. This may afford a potential therapeutic target for counteracting the decline in cognitive function and mood associated with aging and neurological disorders.